The balance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in streams is a key driver of ecological functions. The inputs, interactions, and processing of these nutrients are impacted by watershed urbanization and associated drainage infrastructure. We tested the varying effects of urbanization drivers on biogeochemical processes across cities with different infrastructure and biophysical characteristics. These urban drivers may include the introduction of nutrients by wastewater systems and channelization and rapid stormwater routing that decrease biogeochemical interactions between stream water and surrounding sediments, potentially decreasing rates of denitrification and phosphorus assimilation. Over four seasons, we sampled stream water from approximately 500 sites in 5 cities (Atlanta, Boston, Miami, Portland, and Salt Lake City) in the United States. Surface water was analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NOx and NH4), and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (PO4) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP). Initial analysis suggests that DOC concentration decreases, and NOx concentration increases with urbanization. Increases in NOx are also associated with increases in the Fluorescence Index (indicating more microbial sources of DOM) and Biological Index (indicating more autotrophic, recently produced DOM). Further analysis into trends in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations with urban characteristics (such as road density, housing density, tree canopy, wetland cover, wastewater treatment and combined sewer overflow inputs, and sociodemographic variables) will provide insights into the specific interactions between urbanization and nutrient-related impacts such as eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions, helping to focus mitigation efforts in urban areas.