The conversion of natural and rural landscapes to build structures such as roads and buildings characterizes the process of urbanization. Urban ecosystems are dominated by humans as socioeconomic factors interact with biophysical aspects, giving rise to dynamic socio-ecological systems. In such systems, inequality (i.e. asymmetries in the distribution of environmental and/or socioeconomic conditions) is a key factor modulating complex feedback loops that shape species persistence and success. Studies of urban adaptation focus on the effect of environmental inequality in shaping adaptive trajectories, overlooking the role of social inequalities in this process. Here, we disentangle the effect of environmental inequalities (estimated as percent impervious land cover) and social inequalities (i.e. income and species introductions) in modulating changes to adaptive traits (reproductive investment and condition) of the invasive Goldfish, Carasius auratus. We hypothesize that beyond environmental inequality, social inequalities lead to varying trait responses in the biota. To test that, we used a series of stormwater management ponds (SWMPs) distributed in neighborhoods with varying urban inequalities, both environmental and social. A linear model (R2=0.3) indicated that social inequalities through income (coef=-4.53, p<0.001) and species introductions (coef=-3.15, p<0.001) have a greater negative effect than impervious land cover (coef=-1.6, p<0.001) on the reproductive investment of the Goldfish. We found no difference on condition among SWMPs. Our data suggest that social inequalities are important in modulating species adaptation in cities. These findings expose the need to advance towards a broader consideration of urban inequalities to fully understand urban eco-evolutionary dynamics.